Types of condenser in thermal power plant pdf

Sep 17, 2017 today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of incorporating a steam condenser in a steam power plant are as follows. Analysis on performance of condenser in thermal power plant. Sep 09, 2015 maintained below atmospheric pressure is known as a condenser.

In condensing type thermal power plant, discharges exhaust steam is coming to a condenser which creates suction at very low pressure and it allows the expansion of steam in the turbine to a very low pressure. An aircooled condenser is however, significantly more expensive and cannot achieve as low a steam turbine exhaust pressure and temperature as a watercooled surface condenser. These new film fills provide higher thermal performance. There are several different types of power plants used across the world today.

Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. However, we know that this is producing a very less amount of power in comparison to total usa power consumption. Jet condenser is a mixing type condenser where exhaust steam is condensed mix up with cooling water. Water chemistry in thermal power plants an overview presentation by s. Nov 26, 2019 the usa has the biggest geothermal power plant in the world. Steam condenser for thermal power plant market size report, 2025.

Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. Oct 11, 2017 condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. Steam turbine is a type of turbomachine which is an assembly of nozzles and. If the waste heat is instead used for district heating, it is called cogeneration. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when. But after condensation, cooling water cannot be used to boiler as it is not free from salt and other impurities. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. Steam condensers are heat exchangers which come in numerous sizes and designs. In general, there are two types of surface condensers. Condensers larger than 50,000 square feet normally use at least 1inch tubes.

It increases the efficiency of the power plant due to increased enthalpy drop. Steam condenser steam condenser objective type questions and answers. The energy of a thermal power station not utilized in power production must leave the plant in the form of heat to the environment. Mar 15, 2020 thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. A steam condenser has the following two objectives. This type of application utlizes dry cooling towers. In a jet condenser, high power is required for condensation. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. The additional auxiliary power required to operate the condensing system is small in comparison to the extra turbine output power obtained through the additional. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages.

This type of thermal power plant plays an important role where there is a question of availability of pure water. Tower type boilers of single pass design manufactured by ms. To obtain maximum heat transfer rate the tubes should be made of high thermal. It improves the thermal efficiency of the power plant. Plate condensers are used mainly for smaller power plants. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. This geothermal plant is giving 900 mw continuously. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible aug mentation in its heat transfer. The heat is generated from a diverse range of sources, including coal, natural gas, uranium, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Because condensed steam water in the condenser can be recirculated to the boiler with the. Decreases the thermal efficiency of steam power plant. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con.

Mar 08, 2016 it also reduces the specific steam consumption, therefore reduces the size of power plant of given capacity. The condensation of steam occurs in the range of 25c to 38c. The wet cooling tower has a much lower water withdrawal rate than once through. This waste heat can go through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers. Mar 04, 2020 a thermal power station or a coal fired thermal power plant is by far, the most conventional method of generating electric power with reasonably high efficiency. Oncethrough cooling needs large natural bodies of water ocean, sea. The net gain in turbine output power is substantial, since for the same steam flow, the power output of the steam turbine now increases to 26. The criteria used in this article is what source of energy is utilized to produce the electricity.

Condensers and condenser cooling systems introduction conventional cooling methods of thermal power plants are extremely water intensive processes. It uses coal as the primary fuel to boil the water available to superheated steam for driving the steam turbine. Power plants are classified into different groups based on the criteria used for the classification. Direct contact types where the cooling water is sprayed directly into the steam. In thermal power plants, where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser can be used. Cost of water softening plant is also reduced since pure feed. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce electricity from a generator that is connected to the turbine. As a general rule, 34inch tubes are used in small condensers up to 15,000 square feet, 78inch tubes are used in condensers between 15,000 and 50,000 square feet. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant. Space available each power plant has a certain areaunit energy produced. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control.

Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw thermal. The condenser tubes and baffles are arranged in such. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. Power plants and types of power plant electrical4u. Steam condenser objective questions mcq and answers. Condenser and cooling tower work in power plant youtube. Thermal power plants convert heat into power in the form of electricity. The steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants. Today we discussed about type of cooling towers are used in power plant. The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant. The steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity in steam power. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce.

The function of a condenser in a thermal power plant is a. More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for. Electrical energy is used for many daily activities and lack of power could cause economies to cripple. May 05, 2017 a condenser in a power plant is a heat exchanger. In order to generate this power we need power plants. There are several types of power plants, each using a different kind of energy to convert into a usable form. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant. A steam condenser is a tool which is used to decrease vapor or gas to liquid. Technological investigations and efficiency analysis of a. While the condensing temperature in the condenser is a few degrees above the river temperature in the case of river cooling, in dry recooling units, the condensing temperature is a several degrees above the air temperature in the environment of the power plant, which causes significant less thermal efficiencies. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station.

The global steam condenser for thermal power plant market is expected to progress at a steady growth rate over the forecast period. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. In a jet condenser, the steam to be condensed and the. Factors and parameters affecting the selection of steam power plant capacities and sites 1. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. Figure 3 summarizes the performance of different types of condenser cooling systems. Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Condenser tube cleaning macro and micro fouling and scaling of condenser tubes will adversely impact the performance of any well designed condenser the results are reduced heat transfer, reduced output, and reduced availability, while increasing the number of plant outages and increasing the maintenance costs. In large turbine plants, the condensate recovery becomes very important and this is also made possible by the use of condenser. Types of cooling towers used in power plants askpowerplant. It reduces back pressure of the steam which results in more work output. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. It affects the saving in cost of water to be supplied to the boiler since the condensate is returned to the boiler.

Thermal power plant or thermal power station is the place where we use the energy of heat to produce electric power, and its the most convenient sources of electric power generation, as we burn fuels such as oil, coal or liquefied natural gas to produce high temperature, highpressure steam then we use this steam to turn a steam turbine. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and thermal efficiency rakesh bhoi1 nirvesh mehta2 kedar bhojak3 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2ldrpitr, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstractthermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size, average pricing and key regulations to 2020 reference code. Then the wet cooling tower came into use due to concerns about and regulations for water withdrawal rates and thermal effects on water bodies from steam power plant electricity production. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants. The efficiency of the steam plant is considerably increased by the use of a condenser. Power plant cooling and associated impacts the need. Cooling towers are special directcontact heat exchangers where the warm cooling. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size. Plate types consisting of a series of parallel plates that provide paths for the steam and the cooling water. How does a condenser work in a thermal power plant. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle.

Thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. For power plants, 34inch, 78inch, and 1inch od tubes are the most prevalent sizes. A condensation electric power plant uses organic fuels solid fuels, mainly pulverized coal of various types, as well as mazut. The steam from the turbine is then condensed back into water in the condenser. As the overall efficiency of thermal power plant is product of boiler, turbine. The pump then returns the water to the steam generator. The heat rate hr, kjkwh of a power plant is the amount of heat input required kjh to produce one unit of electricity kw see equation 1. The natural gasfired combined cycle power plant, the most commonly built type of large natural gas plant, is a competitive generating technology under a wide variety of assumptions for fuel price, construction cost, government incentives, and carbon controls. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.